Prostate Cancer





1.     ROACH Formula

a.       Roach M, Marquez C, Yuo HS, Narayan P, Coleman L, Nseyo UO, Navvab Z, Carroll PR. Predicting the risk of lymph node involvement using the pre-treatment prostate specific antigen and Gleason score in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 1994 Jan 1;28(1):33-7.

2.     BRACHYTHERAPY

a.       Zelefsky MJ, Kuban DA, Levy LB, Potters L, Beyer DC, Blasko JC, Moran BJ, Ciezki JP, Zietman AL, Pisansky TM, Elshaikh M. Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1–T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2007 Feb 1;67(2):327-33.

b.      Demanes DJ, Rodriguez RR, Schour L, Brandt D, Altieri G. High-dose-rate intensity-modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: California endocurietherapy’s 10-year results. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1306-16.

c.       Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Holding P, Davis M, Peters TJ, Turner EL, Martin RM, Oxley J. 10-year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016 Oct 13;375(15):1415-24.

3.     Dose escalation & Hypofractionation  in EBRT for prostate cancer

a.       Zelefsky MJ, Yamada Y, Fuks Z, Zhang Z, Hunt M, Cahlon O, Park J, Shippy A. Long-term results of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: impact of dose escalation on biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2008 Jul 15;71(4):1028-33.

b.      Doležel M, Odrazka K, Vaculikova M, Vanasek J, Sefrova J, Paluska P, Zouhar M, Jansa J, Macingova Z, Jarosova L, Brodak M. Dose escalation in prostate radiotherapy up to 82 Gy using simultaneous integrated boost. Strahlentherapie und onkologie. 2010 Apr 1;186(4):197-202.

c.       Heemsbergen WD, Al-Mamgani A, Slot A, Dielwart MF, Lebesque JV. Long-term results of the Dutch randomized prostate cancer trial: impact of dose-escalation on local, biochemical, clinical failure, and survival. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 2014 Jan 31;110(1):104-9.

d.      Bolla M, Maingon P, Carrie C, Villa S, Kitsios P, Poortmans PM, Sundar S, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Armstrong J, Bosset JF, Herrera FG. Short androgen suppression and radiation dose escalation for intermediate-and high-risk localized prostate cancer: results of EORTC trial 22991. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2016 Mar 14;34(15):1748-56.

e.       Dearnaley D, Syndikus I, Mossop H, Khoo V, Birtle A, Bloomfield D, Graham J, Kirkbride P, Logue J, Malik Z, Money-Kyrle J. Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial. The Lancet Oncology. 2016 Aug 31;17(8):1047-60.

f.       Loblaw DA, Cheung P, Pang G, Mamedov A, D'Alimonte L, Deabreu A, Commisso K, Zhang L, Quon HC, Musunuru HB, Helou J. Dose Escalation for Prostate Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy: Late Outcomes from Two Prospective Clinical Trials. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 2017 Oct 1;99(2):E253.

g.      Niazi TM, Nabid A, Bettahar R, Vincent LS, Martin AG, Jolicoeur M, Yassa M, Barkati M, Igidbashian L, Bahoric B, Archambault R. Phase 3 Study of Hypofractionated, Dose Escalation Radiation Therapy for High-Risk Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 2017 Oct 1;99(2):S130-1.

4.     Combined EBRT with hormonal Therapy


a.       Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, Krisch RE, Wolkov HB, Movsas B, Hug EB, Asbell SO, Grignon D. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma—long-term results of phase III RTOG 85–31. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1285-90.

b.      Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G, Bernier J, Kuten A, Sternberg C, Mattelaer J. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. The Lancet. 2002 Jul 13;360(9327):103-8.

c.       Hanks GE, Pajak TF, Porter A, Grignon D, Brereton H, Venkatesan V, Horwitz EM, Lawton C, Rosenthal SA, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92–02. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2003 Nov 1;21(21):3972-8.

d.      Horwitz EM, Bae K, Hanks GE, Porter A, Grignon DJ, Brereton HD, Venkatesan V, Lawton CA, Rosenthal SA, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Ten-year follow-up of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 92-02: a phase III trial of the duration of elective androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2008 May 20;26(15):2497-504.

e.       Warde P, Mason M, Ding K, Kirkbride P, Brundage M, Cowan R, Gospodarowicz M, Sanders K, Kostashuk E, Swanson G, Barber J. Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2012 Jan 6;378(9809):2104-11.

f.       Mason MD, Parulekar WR, Sydes MR, Brundage M, Kirkbride P, Gospodarowicz M, Cowan R, Kostashuk EC, Anderson J, Swanson G, Parmar MK. Final report of the intergroup randomized study of combined androgen-deprivation therapy plus radiotherapy versus androgen-deprivation therapy alone in locally advanced prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2015 Feb 17;33(19):2143-50.

g.      Fosså SD, Wiklund F, Klepp O, Angelsen A, Solberg A, Damber JE, Hoyer M, Widmark A, The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7 Investigators. ten-and 15-yr prostate cancer-specific mortality in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced or aggressive intermediate prostate cancer, randomized to lifelong endocrine treatment alone or combined with radiotherapy: final results of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7. European urology. 2016 Oct 31;70(4):684-91.

h.      Morris WJ, Tyldesley S, Rodda S, Halperin R, Pai H, McKenzie M, Duncan G, Morton G, Hamm J, Murray N. Androgen Suppression Combined with Elective Nodal and Dose Escalated Radiation Therapy (the ASCENDE-RT Trial): An analysis of survival endpoints for a randomized trial comparing a low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost to a dose-escalated external beam boost for high-and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2017 Jun 1;98(2):275-85.

5.     Adjuvant RT


a.       Swanson GP, Thompson IM, Tangen C, Paradelo J, Canby-Hagino E, Crawford ED, Miller G, Lucia MS, Forman J, Chin J. Update of SWOG 8794: adjuvant radiotherapy for pT3 prostate cancer improves metastasis free survival. International Journal of Radiation Oncology• Biology• Physics. 2008 Sep 1;72(1):S31.

b.      Bolla M, van Poppel H, Tombal B, Vekemans K, Da Pozzo L, De Reijke TM, Verbaeys A, Bosset JF, Van Velthoven R, Colombel M, van de Beek C. Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: long-term results of a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). The Lancet. 2012 Dec 14;380(9858):2018-27.

c.       Taylor N, Kelly JF, Kuban DA, Babaian RJ, Pisters LL, Pollack A. Adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2003 Jul 1;56(3):755-63.

6.     Clinical Evidence on the Optimal Selection of Radiation Portal: Whole-pelvis Versus Prostate-only Radiation Therapy


a.       Pommier P, Chabaud S, Lagrange JL, Richaud P, Lesaunier F, Le Prise E, Wagner JP, Hay MH, Beckendorf V, Suchaud JP, du Chatelard PM. Is there a role for pelvic irradiation in localized prostate adenocarcinoma? Preliminary results of GETUG-01. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007 Dec 1;25(34):5366-73.

b.      Roach III M, Lu JD, Lawton C, Hsu IC, Machtay M, Seider MJ, Rotman M, Jones C, Asbell SO, Valicenti RK, Han S. A phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic (WP) to prostate only (PO) radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression (TAS): preliminary analysis of RTOG 9413. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 2001 Nov 1;51(3):3.

7.     Metastatic Castration sensitive Prostate cancer


a.       James ND, Spears MR, Clarke NW, Dearnaley DP, De Bono JS, Gale J, Hetherington J, Hoskin PJ, Jones RJ, Laing R, Lester JF. Survival with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer in the “docetaxel era”: data from 917 patients in the control arm of the STAMPEDE trial (MRC PR08, CRUK/06/019). European urology. 2015 Jun 30;67(6):1028-38.

b.      Rajpar S, Carmel A, Merabet Z, Vielh P, Foulon SP, Lesaunier F, Delva R, Rolland F, Priou F, Ferrero JM, Houede N. The benefit of combining docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy in localized and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer as predicted by ERG status: An analysis of two GETUG phase III trials.

c.       Messina C, Messina M, Boccardo F. Abiraterone or Docetaxel for Castration-sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer? That Is the Question!. European urology. 2018 Jan 1;73(1):147-8.

8.     Metastatic Castration resistant Prostate cancer


a.       Fizazi K, Scher HI, Molina A, Logothetis CJ, Chi KN, Jones RJ, Staffurth JN, North S, Vogelzang NJ, Saad F, Mainwaring P. Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. The lancet oncology. 2012 Oct 31;13(10):983-92.

b.      Ryan CJ, Smith MR, Fizazi K, Saad F, Mulders PF, Sternberg CN, Miller K, Logothetis CJ, Shore ND, Small EJ, Carles J. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. The Lancet Oncology. 2015 Feb 28;16(2):152-60.

c.       Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, de Wit R, Mulders P, Chi KN, Shore ND, Armstrong AJ. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012 Sep 27;367(13):1187-97.

d.      Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, de Wit R, Mulders P, Chi KN, Shore ND, Armstrong AJ. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012 Sep 27;367(13):1187-97.

e.       Berthold DR, Pond GR, Soban F, de Wit R, Eisenberger M, Tannock IF. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer: updated survival in the TAX 327 study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2008 Jan 10;26(2):242-5.

f.       De Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, Gravis G, Bodrogi I, Mackenzie MJ, Shen L, Roessner M. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. The Lancet. 2010 Oct 8;376(9747):1147-54.

g.      De Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, Gravis G, Bodrogi I, Mackenzie MJ, Shen L, Roessner M. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. The Lancet. 2010 Oct 8;376(9747):1147-54.



1. (2008) LONG-TERM RESULTS OF THE M. D. ANDERSON RANDOMIZED DOSE-ESCALATION TRIAL FOR PROSTATE CANCER


2. (1999) Comparison of radiation side-effects of conformal and conventional radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a randomised trial


3. (1999) ACUTE MORBIDITY REDUCTION USING 3DCRT FOR PROSTATE CARCINOMA: A RANDOMIZED STUDY


4.  (2006) Dose-Response in Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Results of the Dutch Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing 68 Gy of Radiotherapy With 78 Gy 


5.  (2005) TOXICITY AFTER THREE-DIMENSIONAL RADIOTHERAPY FOR PROSTATE  CANCER ON RTOG 9406 DOSE LEVEL V